Endometriosis, a chronic condition affecting millions worldwide, may see a breakthrough in treatment thanks to new gut microbiome research. A/Prof Alex Polyakov describes the disorder as misplaced uterine-like tissue growth, causing severe pain and potential infertility. While traditional treatments range from pain relief to surgery, emerging options like the newly approved Ryego and dietary interventions offer fresh hope for those battling this complex and often misunderstood condition.